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Introduction: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccines, developed using a novel technology distinct from conventional vaccines, were widely administered. Compared to classical vaccines, mRNA vaccines are known to induce more pronounced immune responses. This study aimed to investigate whether mRNA and inactivated COVID-19 vaccines accelerate the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD).
Methods: A total of 140 patients with chronic kidney disease who were followed at Bursa City Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Serum creatinine levels and glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) values were recorded at three different time points: the pre-vaccination period (-24 months), the vaccination period, and the post-vaccination period (+24 months). Glomerular filtration rate was calculated using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation. Due to the dependent nature of pre- and post-vaccination comparisons, the paired t-test was used for parametric data, and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for nonparametric data. Furthermore, we applied a One-Way ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc correction for intergroup comparisons. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: When stratified by vaccine type, all three subgroups (BioNTech-only, ınactivated-only, and mixed vaccination) exhibited significant within-group declines in eGFR and elevations in serum creatinine (p < 0.001 for all). Importantly, inter-group comparison using post-hoc analysis revealed no statistically significant difference in the magnitude of renal function change (delta eGFR or delta creatinine) between the different vaccine types (p > 0.05).
Conclusions: The findings of this five-year retrospective cohort study indicate that neither mRNA-based nor inactivated COVID-19 vaccines accelerate the progression of chronic kidney disease. These results support the renal safety of both vaccine types in patients with chronic kidney disease and may help reduce concerns about vaccination-related deterioration in kidney function in this vulnerable population.
DOI: 10.7754/Clin.Lab.2026.260204
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